ADDIE process/model is most commonly used for designing and developing the instructional course material to provide training to the learners. The ADDIE model is at the very core of instructional design and is the basis of instructional systems design (ISD). There are various adaptations of the ADDIE model but it generally consists of five cyclical phases
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| ADDIE Model |
3. Dick and Carey Model/Process
The Dick and Carey Systems Approach Model was originally published in 1978 by Walter Dick and Lou Carey in their book entitled The Systematic Design of Instruction.
The model addresses instruction as an entire system, focusing on the interrelationship between context, content, learning and instruction.
According to Dick and Carey, "Components such as the instructor, learners, materials, instructional activities, delivery system, and learning and performance environments interact with each other and work together to bring about the desired student learning outcomes".
The components of the Systems Approach Model, also known as the Dick and Carey Model, are as follows:
- Identify Instructional Goal(s): goal statement describes a skill, knowledge or attitude(SKA) that a learner will be expected to acquire
- Conduct Instructional Analysis: Identify what a learner must recall and identify what learner must be able to do to perform particular task
- Analyze Learners and Contexts: Identify general characteristics of the target audience including prior skills, prior experience, and basic demographics; identify characteristics directly related to the skill to be taught; and perform analysis of the performance and learning settings.
- Write Performance Objectives: Objectives consists of a description of the behavior, the condition and criteria. The component of an objective that describes the criteria that will be used to judge the learner's performance.
- Develop Assessments :Purpose of entry behavior testing, purpose of pretesting, purpose of post testing, purpose of practice items/practice problems
- Develop Instructional Strategy: Pre-instructional activities, content presentation, Learner participation, assessment
- Develop and Select Instructional Materials
- Design and Conduct Formative Evaluation of Instruction: Designer try to identify areas of the instructional materials that are in need of improvement.
- Revise Instruction: To identify poor test items and to identify poor instruction
- Design and Conduct Summative Evaluation
